证据表明，家具的使用可以追溯到新石器时期，它已经成为了生活中不可或缺的部分。那么家具在漫长的历史中是如何变化和发展的？从稀有奢侈的古埃及家具，到强调功能性和流线型设计的包豪斯家具，以下由Angie's List制作的动图，带你领略家具设计的精彩变革。
1. 椅子
我们现今理解的家具在古埃及时代非常罕见。大多数普通人使用编织篮来储存他们为数不多的物品财产，而这个篮子就放在地毯或毛毯上面。在那个时候，家具仅是有权势和财力的人的奢侈品。1919至1933年间，包豪斯运动彻底地重新定义了家具设计。我们在现今的家具中所见到的清晰的线条，就是由这个颇具影响力的德国设计工坊确立的。包豪斯反对不必要的风格的偏好，取而代之的是强调功能、运用中性色以及清楚的几何形式。
2. 餐桌椅
在18世纪早期的巴黎，富绅抗拒皇室流行的严肃的巴洛克样式，而是寻求一种更有趣的设计。富有生气的新的洛可可的样式倾向于使用密集的装饰，流畅的线条，以及柔和的颜色。而相对的另一个极端则是极简主义风格，它拒绝过去一切奢华的风格。以极少的材料和清晰的线条制作，极简主义从1960年代纽约的艺术情景中衍生出来。无论是家具或是居家用品，极简主义遵从少即是多的原则。
3. 沙发
古希腊人并没有太多家具的形式，但他们有非常精细的工艺技术。以前希腊的沙发被称作“Kline”，最初被用作吃饭时供人们倚靠的家具。
20世纪中叶则注重功能性、优美性的形态和简洁性。这个时期的家具通常只由两种材料组成，例如多彩的纤维与鲜亮的木材。这种风格的家具作批量生产，设计旨在让一般的居民可以负担。这使这种家具广受欢迎。
4. 桌子
中世纪的家具有极高的可识别性，它有着繁复的木刻及刻板的形象。你在这个时期的家具上少见曲折的线条或圆环形式，一切都是方形或矩形的。与之相反的是，有机设计则带来了自然的圆滑的形式。这个设计运动以美国建筑师、室内设计师弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特（Frank Lloyd Wright）为领袖，他坚持创造人与自然之间的和谐。有机设计基本采取自然的材料，维持人为介入与自然世界的完美平衡。
5. 床
文艺复兴时的家具受到了过去古典时期艺术品的很大影响。在15世纪末，贸易为意大利带来了大量的财富，日益增长的资本家群体对高质量的家具提出要求。装饰派艺术（Art Deco）没有从历史中寻找灵感，而是以极尽繁复的方式歌颂1920年代和30年代的现代生活。这个时期的新材料，譬如铬、合成树脂、平板玻璃等，与象牙、红木、漆器结合，创造出经典的家具与建筑。
翻译：庞凌波
来源 :
椅子
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沙发
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桌子
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床
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km
其他
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